Ribrary of the Museum
OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Founded by private subscription, in 1861.
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A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF
CONCHOLOGISTS.
VOL. IV.
MAY 1890 to APRIL 1891.
PHILADELPHIA :
Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON.
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DN Dis Peas NAUTILUS, VORINE
INDEX TO TITLES.
QI
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. . 7 A few “nevers” for Conchologists. . 5 American Association of Conchologists. 9, 33, 45, 54, 68, S2.,0ie
[104, 117, 128
S
Amnicolidae, Preliminary Notices of New : . » O2;.65 Amnicola Sheldoni Pilsbry. ; : : 52 Amnicola lacustris Pilsbry. : : : 53 An American Anadenus (A. Gaatecvelli n. Beate ‘ 2 Anctus, Description of a New Species of (A. Pilsbry, Ford. ) 81 Annotated List of the Shells of St. Augustine, Fla. . : 4 Arconaia, A New Speciesof (A. Provancheriana, Pilsbry.) 127 Ariolimax Columbianus var. straminea. F : 120 Australian Limax. . : : ‘ : : é 107 Bulimuli, Critical Notes on ike : ; : : 61 Bulimuli, Notes on Florida ' : : F ; : 85 Bulimulus in Texas. : : : : ; : 60 Bulimulus Dormani, Notes on . : : : F : s) Bythinella Hemphilli Pilsbry. : ‘ : : ; 63 Bythinella brevissima Pilsbry. ‘ iy ; . 63 Carychium, Forms of American : : : : 109 Catalogue of Conchological Aubreteniode, é P . 87s Tho Cepolis, Notes on Certain Species of : : : 120 Classification of American Land Snails, Notes on the : 125 Collecting Chitons on the Pacifie Coast. . : : : 32 Conchological Notes from Oregon. . : : : 87 Constructed or Secreted ? : ; : : : 3 60 Cypraea Spadicea. . ; : é : ; . 71,54
lil
iV INDEX.
Distribution of Unionidae in the Mahoning, Cuyahoga and
Tuscarawas Rivers. . 3 : : : : : 20 Eastern New York Notes. ; é ; : ‘ : 66 Edible Mollusks of Maine. ; . ; ; : F 112 Goniobases, Remarks on Certain : : ‘ ; ‘ 49 Goniobasis Catenaria Say, Notes on . : ; 124 Haliotis. . ; : : : , : ; : ; 13 Haliotis rufescens. . : ; ; ‘ é : 59 Haliotidae. : : : ; : ; : 102 Helix introferens in sl J. : : : ; ; : 12 Helix hortensis in Nantucket. : ; : . 24, 48 Helix ptychophorus var. castanea cept é : 5 41 Helix tudiculata var. subdolus Hemphill. A : ; 4] Helix Carpenteri, New Variety of (Var. Indioensis). . 51, 63 Isaac Lea Chapter of the Agassiz Association. . : ; dl Limax arborum from submaculatus f. nov. : : ‘ 12 Limnaea Pilsbryin.sp.. : : : 25 Limnaea stagnalis var. occidentale Henishill : : 26 Limnaea columella in Phila. . : : ; ‘ 4 47 List of Mollusca of Gloucester Co., N. J... : : : 113 Lucapinella. . E : ; : ‘ é 96 Mayo, Edward Richards (Obituana) ‘ ; : ‘ 132 Mollusks of the San Francisco Markets. . ‘ ; : 97 Mollusks of the United States. ; , 101 Nanina, New Species of (N. Ruseheemers geri Pilko) 64 New Species of U.S. Land Shells. . ; : : 3 New Forms of Western Limniades. . : : : ; 25 New Eocene Fossil from Texas. : : 3 : : 25 New Varieties of Western Land Shells. . ‘ ‘ ; 41 New Species of Limpet from Japan. . : 100 Notes on North American Pupidee with iesenpuian e New
Species. ' ' ; , , Pay Notes on Mr. Hernphelles Gedosua : : . : 110 Notes on the Sculpture of American Limneeas, ete. . s 121 Omalax Singleyi, n. sp... : : : 3 Origin of Species. —. : : : : 11 Ostrea gigas Thunberg. : , : ‘ ‘ 95 Patella (Helcioniscus) Stearnsii, n. sp. é ; : z 100 Patula strigosa, New Varieties of : ’ : ; : 15
Pisidium, New American (P. Idahoénse Roper.) : : 85
INDEX. Vv
Physa ampullacea Gld. var. Columbiana Hemphill. 27 Polygyra Kiawaensis var. Arkansaénsis Pilsbry. : 131 Preservation of Color in Fossil Shells. : : : 30 Prophysaon. Why does it shed its tail ? : : ; 6 Publications Received. 4 é : ; 23, 36, 48, 72, 107 Pupa syngenes n. sp. : : , d 3 Pupa Californica. —. : ; ‘ : : : : 8 Pupa Dalliana sp., nov. . ‘ : : 2 : : 19 Pupidae, New Forms of American. . ; : 18 Pupidae, New United States. . : ‘ ‘ ‘ : 39 Pupa Hemphilli sp. nov... : : : : ; 27 Pupa Clementina sp. nov. : : - : : : 44 Scalpellum Stearnsii. ; ‘ : ; 96 Shell Bearing Mollusca of Rhode iain s . 22, 35, 46, 56, 70 Shells within City Limits. : , : ; . : 82 Snail Eaters. . é : : : : ; 132 Some American Gannibale 85 Spheerium secure Prime, Notes on og Strength of Limpets. 32 Tebennophorus Hemphilli. ; 95 Unionide of Ga., Ala., S. C. and La. in South Blondes 125 Urosalpinx perrugatus Conr., Remarks on 29 West American Notes. —. ; t , 67
Zonites Shimekii n. sp... s : ; : ‘ Z 3
INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS.
Aldrich, T. H. Baker, F. C. . Boyce, Mrs. Sarah E. Campbell, John H. Carpenter, Horace F. Dall, Dr. Wm. H. Dean, Geo. W. Ford, John
Fox, Wm. J. Hemphill, Henry Johnson, C. W. Keep, Josiah
Keyes, Chas. R Leach, Dr. M. L. Orcutt, C. R. Pilsbry, H. A. Raymond, W. J. Roper, Edw. W. Sampson, F. A. Simpson, Chas. T. Stearns, Dr. R. E. C. Stein, Dr. Frederick Sterki, Dr. V. Teator, W.S. Webster, G. W. Winkley, Henry é Williamson, Mrs. M. Bureau Wright, Berlin H. Wright, S. Hart
Yates, Dr. Lorenzo G.
3, 24, 49, 52, 63, 64, 100, 109, 124, 195, 127
; 25 29, 89, 115 71
6
11, 39, 85, 182
: 82
: ; 79, 1h0 : : ; , 1D : . 95,1382
7, 18, 27, 44, 50
125 51, 54, 63
vl
HISTORY OF THE NAUTILUS.
In answer to numerous inquiries, it has been deemed advisable to give a brief historical sketch of THE NAUTILUS and its predecessor Zhe Conchologists’
Exchange.
The present conchological periodical “'THr Nauti_us” was pre- ceded by “ The Conchologists’ Exchange,” a monthly published by Mr. Wm. D. Averell. The first number of the Exchange was printed on a postal card in July, 1886. Beginning with August, 1886 the Exchange was printed in 12 mo. form, 53 x 63 inches, with a varying number of pages. Eleven numbers (Nos. 9 and 10 being printed together as a ‘‘double number’) were issued of this first volume. The second volume began with July, 1887. Nine num- bers were issued, when publication was suspended.
In May, 1889, Mr. H. A. Pilsbry with Mr. Averell issued the first number of Tar Nautrius. The new periodical assuming the unexpired subscriptions on the list of the “ Exchange.” At the com- pletion of volume I (including May, 1889 to April, 1890), Mr. Chas. W. Johnson purchased Mr. Averell’s interest in Tor Nautt- Lus, Mr. Averell entirely severing his connection with it.
The present publishers of Tur Nauritus are unable to furnish
copies of “ The Conchologists’ Exchange.” HUA. Peds Co Wed
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JUL 2 1890
$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreign Countries.) lOcts. a copy.
at Eide
AUTILUS
A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS.
EDITOR: H. A. Pirspry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
ASSOCIATE EDITOR: C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.
vo. iv. /Z,2/4/, may, 1890 No. 1.
CONTENTS:
PAGE. EDITORIAL. : : ; : 1 AN AMERICAN ANADENUS. Henry Hemphill. : : mc Two New SpeciEs OF U.S. LAND SHELLS. H. A. Pilsbry. , : 3 ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SHELLS OF ST. AUGUSTINE, FLa. C. W. Johnson. 4 Wuy Does PROPHYSAON SHED ITs TAIL? W. J. Raymond. eG NoTEs ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN PUPIDA2 WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW Species. Dr. V. Sterki. ; ; ; Jo eet ST AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. , : : : 9: NOTES AND EXCHANGES. : ‘ : : : , Ap all
Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.
Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.
FOREIGN AGENCIES :—I ondon,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill; Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.
il ; THE NAUTILUS.
Nomenclature and Check-List
AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.
A list of United States Land Shells, complete to Sept., 1889, containing the species and varieties with their habitats, prefaced by a brief discussion of their nomenclature.
Collectors interested in American Shells will find this a useful list for arranging and naming their collections, checking desiderata in making exchanges, etc.
20 pages, Octavo, Price, single copies - 10 ets. oy s “per dozen - 50 cts. Address :
TA! PILES RY:
Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
t
FOR DISPOSAL :—Land, Fresh-Water, and Marine Shells from Europe, India, Cuba, Mexico, South Africa, and Australia.— All good specimens, correctly named, and localized.
WANTED :—North American Shells— English specimens offered in exchange. (No Post Cards.) Address to
DR. J.T. T. REED, Ryhope, Sunderland, England. -
CIGAR SPECIALTIES. ACKER’S “OZEMA” OPERAS. CLEAR HAVANA FILLER SUMATRA WRAPPER. $5.00 PER HUNDRED.
“OTELLO” FINEST HAVANA FILLER, $6.00 per hundred. In 50 and 100 Boxes. BINEEBY ACKER dé C@,, 123) N. Sthist.) Philayweas
Delivered at above prices. Express paid to all sections of the U.S. Write for information.
FOR SALE.—Mounted Odontophores of twenty- five species of California Marine Mollusca. Send for list to
MISS ANNA GOODSELL,
Morgan House, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
ee ON AUTLUS.
VOL. Iv. MAY, 1890. No. 1.
EDITORIAL.
With this number of the Nauriius we call the attention of our subscribers to a change in the proprietorship of the journal; Mr. Averell, heretofore its business manager, having retired, and entire- ly withdrawn his interest in the paper.
The editor has now associated with him; Mr. CHarLes W. Joun- son, acting curator of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, Phila- delphia. To the majority of American conchologists Mr. Johnson needs no introduction. It is a pleasure to the editor to be able to announce that he has secured the codperation of so efficient a col- league.
All communications of a business nature should be addressed to Mr. Johnson. Contributions to the pages of the NautTrius may be sent to either Mr. Johnson or to the Editor, at the addresses given on the title-page.
After the first two numbers, the Naurrivs will be issued on the first of each month. It is our intention to insure the prompt receipt of each number by our subscribers.
It is the purpose of the proprietors to publish articles of interest to beginners in the study as well as to experienced conchologists. The next number will contain an illustrated paper of great interest on Haliotis by Prof. Josiah Keep; the continuation of Mr. Carpenter’s valuable notes on Rhode Island shells; articles by Dr. Sterki, Mr. Hemphill, the Editor and others.
bo
THE NAUTILUS.
AN AMERICAN ANADENUS. BY HENRY HEMPHILL.
Recently, on the Cuyamaca Mountains in San Diego County, California, I was fortunate in finding specimens of what proved to be a genus new to America. Submitting them to Mr. Binney and Mr. Cockerell, they agreed with me in referring these species to Anad- enus, formerly known of only from the Himalaya Mts.
The genus is characterized thus by Binney in his Genera of Slugs —“ Animal limaciform, subcylindrical, tapering behind ; tentacles simple; mantle anterior, concealing an internal shell-plate; no longitudinal furrows above the margin of the foot, and no caudal mucus pore; a distinct locomotive disk; external respiratory and anal orifices on the right posterior margin of the mantle; orifice of combined genital system behind and below the right eye peduncle.
Internal shell-plate small, oval, flat, with posterior nucleus and concentric strive.
Jaw with numerous ribs.
Lingual membrane with tricuspid centrals, bicuspid laterals and quadrate marginals.”
The genus differs from Prophysaon by its posterior respiratory orifice, the position of the genital orifice and by its locomotive disk. It will, however, be remembered that Fischer considers Prophysaon a subgenus of Anadenus. The distinction between the two is slight, especially as regards the respiratory orifice. The living slugs found by me had it slightly posterior. In alcoholic specimens of this and many of the Prophysaons it is difficult to detect its true position, so nearly subcentral is it.
ANADENUS COCKERELLI, 0. sp.
Length contracted in aleohol 133 mill. Mantle 43 long, 27 wide. End of mantle to end of body 8. Foot 2 wide. Foot with a loco- motive disk, being distinctly differentiated into median and lateral tracts. Respiratory orifice slightly posterior, on right edge of man- tle. Genital orifice below right tentacle. No caudal mucus pore. Locomotive disk narrow, only half the width of the lateral areas. Sides of foot wrinkled, but not differentiated from lateral areas, nor specially marked, the wrinkles being a continuation of the transverse grooves of the lateral areas. Mantle tuberculate rugose, oval in out- line, bluntly rounded at either end, not grooved as in Amalia. Man-
THE NAUTILUS. 3
tle free in front as far as respiratory orifice. Back rather bluntly keeled its whole length; rugze rather flattened and obtuse, consist- ing of grooves inclosing mostly hexagonal lozenge-shaped spaces, which are themselves rugose. Color, uniform brown-black without markings, except some dark marbling on the lighter sides. The por- tion beneath and in front of the mantle is pale, and the head and neck have a gray tinge. Foot brown. Internal shell solid, easily extricated without breaking.
Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego Co., California.
Jaw low, wide, slightly arcuate, ends blunt, anterior surface with about twenty wide, flat ribs, squarely denticulating either margin.
Lingual membrane short and narrow. Teeth 20-1—-20, of which eight only on either side are laterals. Centrals tricuspid, laterals bicuspid, marginals quadrate, bluntly bicuspid.
Iam indebted to Mr. Binney and Mr. Cockerell for assistance in preparing the above description.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF U. S. LAND SHELLS. BN. He AS SPLESB RY.
Zonites Shimekii Pilsbry. This is a larger form than Zonites limatulus, much less depressed. The specimens are from the Loess formation, at Iowa City, Iowa, collected by Prof. B. Shimek and the writer some years ago. Being fossil, they lack color and epidermis. The sculpture is similar to Z. dimatulus.
Alt. 3, diam 6 mill.
Pupa syngenes Pilsbry. Shell subeylindrical but wider above, composed of 8 narrow, convex whorls, sinistrally convoluted ; text- ure as in P. muscorum, but color rather lighter brown. Last whorl ascending, imperforate, bearing a strong high crest just behind the outer lip. Aperture shaped as in muscorum, having a single small parietal denticle. Alt. 5%, diam. 13 mill. ;
Two specimens of this form are before me, and I am in doubt whether to give them a new name, as they may be only sinistral monstrosities of the common P. muscorum. The shells are labeled “ Arizona” in the Academy collection, collector not known.
[Since the above paragraphs were in type, I have received a com- munication from my friend Dr. V. Sterki, to whom I sent a speci-
4 THE NAUTILUS.
men of P. syngenes, which I at first described as a variety of muscorum. He says:
“T am satisfied that it is a species, and not a var. of muscorum: the shape of the whole shell, the last whorl! so considerably flattened,
and ascending, the number of whorls, seem to me to prove its spe- cifical rank. * ** * After washing out the aperture of your specimen I saw a rather strong lamella or tooth on the columella, and a barely perceptible trace of an inter-palatal lamella, which however
is validified by the impression on the outside.’’]
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SHELLS OF ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. BY C. W. JOHNSON.
Teredo nivalis L.
Pholas campechiensis Gmel. Single valves are common on the ocean beach but living examples are rarely found.
Pholas costata LL. Common.
Pholas truncata Say. A few specimens in the hard mud on Anastasia Island. |
Martesia cuneiformis Say. Common burrowing into coquina wood, ete.
Solen americana Gould. Not common and smaller than those from more northern localities.
Solen viridis Say. A few specimens.
Glycimeris refleca Say. One specimen with both valves intact was found on a bar in the harbor.
Glycimeris americana Conr. (G. bitruncataConr.) Singlejvalves are occasionally found on the ocean beach—apparently recent.
Mya arenaria L. A few single valves.
Corbula contracta Say. Common.
Mactra solidissima Dillw. var. similis Say. Common.
Mactra lateralis Say. Common.
Mactra braziliana Lam. (M. oblonga Say.) Not common.
Labiosa lineata Say. A few single valves on the ocean beach.
Labiosa canaliculata Say. Common.
Semele orbiculata Say. Common.
Abra aequalis Say. Common.
Cumingia tellinoides Conr. Not common.
THE NAUTILUS. 9)
Tagelus gibbus Spengl. Common.
Tagelus devisus Spengl. Common.
Tellina alternata Say. Common.
Tellina polita Say. Common.
Tellina tenera Say. Common on the bar below the United States Barracks.
Tellina braziliensis Lam. A few single valves.
Macoma tenta Say. Not common. Macoma constricta Brug. A few single valves.
Donax variabilis Say. Common.
Donax obesa V’Orb. Common at the mouth of the Lagoon.
Petricola pholadtiformis Lam. Common.
Petricola typicus Jonas. One specimen from a coquina rock at Matanzas Inlet.
Venus mercenaria L. Common.
Venus cancellata L. A few single valves.
Callista gigantea Gmel. Not common,
Dosinia discus Reeve. Common.
Cyrena carolinensis Bose. Common in small brackish-water streams.
Spherium partumium Say. Common in Moultrie Creek.
Spherium contractum Prime. A few near St. Mark’s pond.
Cardium magnum Born, Common.
Cardium muricatum L. Not common.
Levicardium serratum L. Rare.
Chama arcinella L. A few single valves.
Chama macrophylla. Not common.
Lucina dentata Wood. Common.
Lucina crenulata Conr. Not common.
Loripes edentula L. Large single valyes are quite common but living examples are rare.
Solemya velum Say. ‘Two specimens.
Parastarte triquetra Say. Not common.
Cardita tridentata Say. Not common.
Unio blandingianus Lea. Common in Cowan’s Swamp. This is one of the Florida species that is able to survive a long time out of water.
Unio fuscatus Lea. Common in the upper part of Moultrie Creek.
Unio nigrinus Lea. Common in tributaries of the St. John’s River west of St. Augustine.
6 THE NAUTILUS
Nucula proxima. Common.
Arca incongrua Say. Common.
Arca transversa Say. Common.
Arca pexata Say. Common.
Arca americana Gray. Common.
Arca ponderosa Say. Common.
Pectunculus sp.? Single valve.
Mytilus exustus L. Common.
Mytilus hamatus Say. Common.
Modiola tulipa L. A few small specimens.
Modiola plicatula Lam. Common.
Modiola lignea Reeve. Two specimens attached to Gorgonia.
Dreissensia leucopheata Conr. Common in brackish water.
Lithophagus appendiculata L. Common burrowing into Coquina.
Avicula atlantica Lam. Three specimens.
Avicula radiata Lam. One specimen attached to floating sea- weed.
Pinna seminuda Lam. Common.
Pinna muricata L. Common.
Plicatula ramosa Lam. <A few young specimens attached to coral.
Lima tenera Chemn. One living specimen.
Pecten dislocata Say. Living examples are rarely found.
Anomia ephippium L. Common,
Ostrea viginica Gmei.
Ostrea equestris Say.
Ostrea frons L. One specimen attached to Gorgonia.
Glottidia antillarum var. pyramidata Stimp (Lingula). A speci- men taken near the old light-house is in a private collection.
WHY DOES PROPHYSAON SHED ITS TAIL? Be Wie J.) ke ASXeVLO NID:
While reading the March “ Nautilus” my attention was directed to the foot-note on page 126, in which is related Mr. Hemphill’s ex- traordinary experience with a specimen of Prophysaon. I have twice had a similar experience while handling living animals of the same genus, and think it may be of interest to record my observa- tions.
THE NAUTILUS. 7
In August, 1888, I collected on one occasion about a dozen exam- ples of Prophysaon andersoni J. G. Cp., near the San José reservoir, above Lexington, Santa Clara County. While taking measurements of the living specimens, before putting them into alcohol, I noticed in several a contraction about two-thirds of the length from the head. This appeared as an indented line completely encircling the body. Upon handling the slugs to examine this phenomenon more closely, the line became deeper and in the case of two of the speci- mens the tail dropped off, almost as readily as the ray of the so- called “brittle” starfish. Only with mature slugs did this happen. The young, constituting the majority of those captured, showed no signs of shedding their tails. Perhaps they had further use for them. The discarded appendages showed vitality for a short time only, when they went to join their owners in my collecting bottle.
Again, only a few weeks ago, I collected on the northern boundary of Oakland some Prophysaon hemphilli Bl. & Binn. which together with Ariolimax Californicus and one of our smaller species of Ariolimax, inhabit a marshy spot near the Bay shore. At home the next day when taking my captives out of the can into which they had been put, I noticed the same contraction taking place in the specimens of Prophysaon, but in no case did it proceed to dis- memberment. I put them into alcohol and in every one of them, seven in all, there is a well-marked, depressed line about the body near the tail, the body being attenuated behind the constriction, the whole looking very much as a soft iron wire looks just before it breaks under a tensile strain. In the largest specimen which measures 84 mm. contracted in alcohol, the depressed line is 8 mm. from the tail and is marked across the foot by a black line, as if the tissues were already almost severed. When collected there was no constriction visible.
In no other case have I observed this dropping of the tail among slugs, which seems as far as recorded to be confined to species of
ao,
the genus Prophysaon. Here are the facts; who can explain them?
NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN PUPIDE WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
BY DR. V. STERKI.
On my request, Mr. H. Hemphill, of San Diego, Cal., was so kind as to forward to me, for examination, all the North American
8 THE NAUTILUS.
Pupide in his possession. Among them there are a number of very interesting forms and varieties, as well as some species new to our fauna.
Pupa californica, Rowell.}
From Mr. Hemphill’s material we learn that this species is va- riable to a very exceptional degree, so that the extreme forms appear to be, or to belong to, quite different species, or even genera. And it is more than probable that new specimens from other places will bring to light still more forms. The lots under consideration are the following:
1. From San Francisco. Several hundred examples of the well known form everywhere in collections. It may be regarded as typical, yet is somewhat variable in itself, as to shape of the shell and number and size of the lamelle ; many specimens are more or less oblong or obovate, while the majority are rather cylindrical ; in some, the superior palatal lamella is very small and in a few even entirely wanting, while the apertural, columellar and inferior palatal seem to be constant, the first and last of them generally well formed, while the columellar may be small. In one specimen I saw a tiny but distinct supra-apertural, and in very many there is a small, nodule-like supra-apertural, close to the middle of the (outer side of the) apertural. So far I had thought this latter to be a special, dis- tinguishing character of P. rowelli, Newe.
2. From San Clemente Isl. A little smaller and generally more cylindrical than the type; a part are even long cylindrical, having the appearance of an Isthmia. The coloration is somewhat paler, and the lamelle are well formed—elongata. Among the more than 100 specimens there were 5 different from the balance, and ranging with the following form.
3. From Santa Catalina Isl. All the examples (about 200) are of quite a peculiar form: small, rather short, pale horn colored ; shell thin, delicate; rib-like striz less numerous and relatively larger; the whorls are less high, which gives the shell a different ap- pearance. All lamells are present and well formed, especially the apertural. The shell is nearly exactly of the size and shape of
1 Although I had ranged this species, with corpulenta, etc., among Vertigo, I prefer here leaving it once in the old place, on account of the varieties being so different from what we consider to be true Vertzgo.
THE NAUTILUS. £
Vertigo bollesiana Morse, from New York or Ohio,! and also the lamellze are much alike. One peculiarity is that in about one-third of the examples a part of the shell is wanting, always on the side of the aperture, so that 3 or even 4 whorls are opened. This can hard- ly be accidental, and probably that part of the thin shell is worn off by friction in moving. I would propose to name this form var. cata- linaria ; others might regard it as a species, as it appears to be rather well defined, and distinct from the other forms. (To be continued.)
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS.
JUNE 4, 1890.
John H. Campbell, President, Philadelphia. Cypraeidae. Charles W. Johnson, Secretary, Philadelphia. South American Mollusca.
Frank C. Baker, Philadelphia, Pa. Muricidae.
Rev. W. M. Beauchamp, Baldwinsville, N. Y. Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America.
Theodore G. Brinton, Philadelphia, Pa. Mitridae.
J.J. Brown, M. D., Sheboygan, Wis.
F. C. Browne, Framingham, Mass. Nassidae and Strophia.
H. F. Carpenter, Providence, R. I. Shell-bearing Mollusca of Rhode Island.
Prof. Wm. B. Clark, Baltimore, M. D. Eocene Mollusca.
Thomas C. Curry, Connersville, Ind. Succineidae.
Wm. H. Dall, Washington, D. C. Abyssal Mollusks.
Rey. A. Dean, Muncy, Pa. Fusidae.
Geo. W. Dean, Kent, Ohio. Helicidae.
James M. Delaney, Rochester, N. Y.
L. B. Elliott, Iowa City, lowa. Dentition.
Frank J. Ford, Wichita, Kan. Pupidae.
John Ford, Philadelphia, Pa. Olividae.
T. Marshall Fry, Syracuse, N. Y. Unionidae.
Uly. 8. Grant, Minneapolis, Minn. Land and Fresh Water shells of North America.
1 The New York and Ohio specimens of V. bollesiana are larger and more distinctly striate than those from New England and Canada.
10 THE NAUTILUS.
I. Greegor, Jacksonville, Florida. Tritonidae.
C. A. Hargrave, Danville, Ind. Unionidae.
Geo. W. Harper, Cincinnati, Ohio. Land and Fresh Water shells of North America.
Dr. W. D. Hartman, West Chester, Pa. Partula, Achatinella and Helicina.
A. A. Hinkley, Dubois, Il. Strepomatidae.
Prof. Josiah Keep, Mills College, Cal. West Coast Shells.
Rev. A. B. Kendig, Brooklyn, N. Y. Amphidromus.
F. R. Latehford, Ottawa, Ont. Linnaeidae of North America.
M. L. Leach, M. D., Wexford, Mich. Mollusks of Michigan.
W. Victor Lehman, Tremont, Pa. Unionidae.
G. D. Lind, St. Louis, Mo. Helicidae.
G. W. Lichtenthaler, Bloomington, Ill. West Coast Shells.
Wm. A. Marsh, Aledo, Hl. Unionidae.
Geo. T. Marston, Green Bay, Wis. Wisconsin Mollusca.
Chas. J. Maynard, Newtonville, Mass. Strophia.
Wm. G. Mazyck, Charleston, S.C. North American Land Shells.
Thomas Morgan, Somerville, N. J.
James H. Morrison, Lexington, Va. Specific Variation.
Wm. J. McGinty, Philadelphia, Pa. Marginellidae.
Philip Nell, Philadelphia, Pa. Unionidae.
H. A. Pilsbry, Philadelphia, Pa. Land and Fresh Water shells.
Wm. J. Raymond, Oakland, Cal. West Coast Land and Fresh Water Shells and Tertiary and Quaternary Shells.
John Ritchie Jr., Boston, Mass. Strombidae.
S. Raymond Roberts, Glen Ridge, N. J. Cypraeidae.
Edward W. Roper, Revere, Mass. Cyrenidae.
John Shalleross, Philadeiphia, Pa. Volutidae.
Prof. Benj. Sharp, Philadelphia, Pa. Dentaliidae.
Ida M. Shepherd, Long Branch, Cal. West Coast Shells.
Prof. B. Shimek, Lincoln, Neb. Ancylus and Succineidae.
Chas. T. Simpson, Washington, D.C. Geographical Distribution and Nomenclature.
J. A. Singley, Giddings, Tex. Land Shells of North America.
Sanderson Smith, New York, N. Y. Mollusca of N. W. Atlantic.
Uselma ©. Smith, Philadelphia, Pa. Conidae.
Dr. V. Sterki, New Philadelphia, O. No. Amer. Pupidae and Ayalinia.
L. H. Streng, Grand Rapids, Mich.
THE NAUTILUS. 1a
W.S. Strode M. D., Bernadotte, ll. Unionidae of Illinois R. and tributaries.
Geo. W. Taylor, Stewarton, Ottawa. Mollusca of Vancouver Province aud Patellidae.
John H. Thomson, New Bedford, Mass. Helicidae.
Bryant Walker, Detroit, Mich. Land and Fr. W. Shells of No. America.
Rev. John Walton, Lakeside, N. Y. Cypraeidae.
Henry A. Ward, Rochester, N. Y. General Conchology.
W. W. Westgate, Houston, Tex. Land and Fr. W. Shells.
Mrs. A. M. Whelden, Campello, Mass.
Prof. R. P. Whitfield, New York, N. Y. Fossil Forms of the Mollusca.
Joseph Willcox, Philadelphia, Pa. Fudgur.
Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, University Cal. Haliotidae and Fissurellidae.
S. Hart Wright, Penn Yan, N. Y. Unionidae.
Lorenzo G. Yates, M. D., Santa Barbara, Cal. Land Shells of the Americas, South of the U.S.
All applications for membership should be addressed to the Secretary, Charles W. Johnson, Wagner Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. The Rules of the Association were printed in the last number of the NAuTILus.
NOTES AND EXCHANGES.
Tur Ortern or Specres.—The botanist Ball believes that species are produced by the successive variations of individuals continued through generations, and the subsequent dying out of the interme- diate forms. In a recent address he refers to the Escal/onias in this manner: “ There are an immense number of forms of this genus in Chili, which would make first-class species if only the intermediate links would hurry and get out of the way.’ Anybody who has ex- amined the Hemphill series of the Helix strigosa group cannot fail to notice how admirably the theory applies to that shell. And I believe that groups hardly less extensive can be made of the forms of Spherium striatinum, Unio complanatus, the Michigan Anodontas
12 THE NAUTILUS.
and other species. The American student of conchology has a broad field for work in his own country, and his researches will not be less valuable, if they result in a consolidation rather than an increase of species.—E. W. Roper.
OrreRED.—North American Land and Fresh-water shells for shells from other localities—TuHos. C. Curry, Connersville, Indi- ana, P. O. Box 366.
OrrEeRED.—Land and Fresh-water shells of Indiana for the same or marine species from any part ofthe world. Unionide preferred. Printed list of Hendricks County Shells sent free. Mounted lingual ribbons for microscopists—Cuas. A. HarGRAVE, President of Cen- tral Normal College, Danville, Indiana.
LimMaxX ARBORUM form SUBMACULATUS f. nov. Resembles var. maculatus Roeb., except that the spots are gray and partly coalesced on the body ; and some black and some gray on the mantle. Found in County Waterford, Ireland, by Rev. A. H. Delap—T. D. A. CocKERELL.
IDENTIFICATION OF SHELLS FOR SUBSCRIBERS.—Specimens of North and South American (including Mexican and West Indian) shells will be named for subscribers on the following conditions :
1st. The number of species in one sending to be limited to 12.
2nd. Thesender to pay all expenses of transportation, and the specimens to become the property of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences.
3rd. Each species must be numbered, so that the identifications may be announced by number in this department of the NaurTILus.
Address packages to H. A. Pilsbry, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, or to C. W. Johnson, Wagner Institute, Philadelphia.
HELIX INTROFERENS Bland has been collected by Mr. William Fox at Atco, N. J. (on the Camden and Atlantic R. R.). This species has not heretofore been noticed so far northward.—H. A. P.
Mr. Cuas. W. Jounson, Junior Editor of the Naurriys, will spend the first half of June in Virginia, on a geological trip.
JUL 2 1890
$1.00 per Year. ($1.12 to Foreion Countries.) 10cts. a copy.
Hae
NAUTILUS
A MONTHLY DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS.
EDITOR: H. A. Pirssry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
ASSOCIATE EDITOR: C. W. Jounson, Acting Curator Wagner Institute of Science.
Vol. IV. =/2 Liy JUNE, 1890 No. 2.
CONTENTS:
PAGE THE HALiotis. Josiah Keep. - 4 : : elle} NEw VARIETIES OF PATULA STRIGOSA. Henry Hemphill. : - 1d New ForMs OF AMERICAN Pupipé. Dr. V. Sterki. : wos DISTRIBUTION OF UNIONIDA IN 1HE THREE RIVERS, Moennig. Cuya- HOGA, AND TUSCARAWAS. Geo. W. Dean. . ; : a 20 THE SHELL BEARING MOLLuSCA OF RHODE IsLAND. Horace F. Carpenter. 22 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. : : : ‘ : : ee GENERAL NOTss. : : . ; ; ; : «| 24
Published by H. A. PILSBRY, Editor, Academy of Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia. C. W. JOHNSON, Manager, Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philad’a.
Entered at Philadelphia Post-Office as second-class matter.
FOREIGN AGENCIES :—London,Triibner & Co., 57 and 59 Ludgate Hill; Berlin, R. Friedlander & Son, 11 Carlstrasse.
ik THE NAUTILUS.
Nomenclature and ‘Check- List
AMERICAN LAND SHELLS.
A list of United States Land Shells, complete to Sept., 1889, containing the species and varieties with their habitats, prefaced by a brief discussion of their nomenclature.
Collectors interested in American Shells will find this a useful list for arranging and naming their collections, checking desiderata in making exchanges, etc.
20 pages, Octavo, Price, single copies - 10 ets. - s “* per dozen - 50 cts. Address :
HT, A. PILTSBRY, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa.
WANTED a clean copy of CARPENTER’S, ‘“MOLLUSKS OF WESTERN NoRTH AMErIcA,’’ Washington, 1872. Address : Secretary Natural Fiistory Society of B. C.,
Mexico, South Africa, and Australia.—All good specimens, correctly named, and localized. WANTED :—North American Shells—English specimens offered in exchange. (No Post Cards.) Address to ;
DR. J.T. T. REED, Ryhope, Sunderland, England.
ae SPECIALTIES. ACKER’S “OZEMA” OPERAS.
CLEAR HAVANA FILLER SUMATRA WRAPPER. $5.00 PER HUNDRED.
“QOTELLO” FINEST HAVANA FILLER, $6.00 per hundred.
In 50 and 100 Boxes. FINLEY ACKER & CO.,123 N. 8th St., Phila., Pa.
Delivered at above prices. Express paid to all sections of the U. S. Write for information.
FOR SALE.—Mounted Odontophores of twenty- five species of California Marine Mollusea. Send for list to
MISS ANNA GOODSELL,
Morgan House, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Wie N AUIS
VOL. Iv. JUNE, 1890. No. 2.
THE HALIOTIS.
BY JOSIAH KEEP, President Isaac Lea Chapter, Agassiz Association.
The Haliotis is the largest and finest Mollusk that is found on the coast of California. While its shell is a valuable article of commerce, its flesh is good for food, though perhaps few people except Chinese and Indians ever indulge in that luxury. I can speak from expe- rience however, and am ready to affirm that “abalone soup,” well made, is fit for the table of the most fastidious.
The Indians have nearly all disappeared from the coast now, but only a hundred years ago they were numerous enough, and for how many centuries before that time they had abounded in California is a question for the archzeologists. Certain it is that along the shores where these mollusks now live there are untold numbers of Haliotis shells in all stages of decomposition. They were not washed up by the waves either, for they lie on the banks above the reach of the ocean. Besides this, stone mortars and other relics of savage men are occasionally found with the old shells. Evidently the Indians were accustomed to gather the mollusks from their haunts on the rocks and use their flesh for food. After the savage repast was over they threw away the beautiful shells.
This work went on for centuries, and to-day the railroad cuttings along the coast expose to view banks of mingled earth and pearl, several feet in thickness. It makes a conchologist’s heart ache to find bushels of what were once magnificent specimens now all in ruins, and to think how little they were prized by those who had such excellent opportunities for collecting. But we will not blame them, poor sons of the forest ; at least they knew how to satisfy their
14 THE NAUTILUS.
hunger in an approved manner, and sometimes they made ornaments from the discarded shells.
There are three species of Haliotis found in large numbers on the coast of California, though all three*do not abound in the same locality. The southern species, H. splendens, is never found north of Monterey Bay, and I have seen only one specimen from that —— body of water. That one, however, was a genuine splendens, and I know almost the rock from which it was taken. I dissected the creat- ure, which was evidently an aged individual, and the shell is now in
my cabinet. This species is found abundantly farther south, around Santa Barbara and San Diego. It is really the most beautiful of the three, though its shell is too thin for some kinds of work. The magnificently mottled green pearl of the great muscle scar reminds one of the full glory of a peacock’s expanded tail.
H. splendens. On the shores of central and northern California the other two
species abound. HH. rufescens sometimes has a shell as large as a dinner plate, but common specimens are only six or eight inches long. The outer layer of the shell is of a red color, while the inner or na- creous portion is beautifully iridescent. On account of their solid-
lusks are captured by Chinese boat- men, who row along near the rocks,
lsd i WW ra ee : by Hae SANA When the tide is low, and peer curi-
}
ously down into all the cracks and clefts where these great creatures hide. When one is discovered, a wedge on the end of a pole is em- ployed to suddenly dislodge the poor mollusk from his strong hold, and a boat-hook draws him up from the water into the hands of his enemy.
The third species, H. Cracherodit is the most common of all and is also’ the smallest, though it some-
H. rufescens.
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times assumes noble proportions. You can find them under stones or in out-of-the-way places among the rocks if you search when the tide islow. All of these mollusks, in fact, are rock lovers, and it is idle to seek for them except among the crags or broken boulders. It is exceedingly interesting to capture a good-sized fellow and watch his mode of locomotion. When placed on a smooth rock he moves along at no snail’s pace, but strides on like an elephant. Not quite so fast, to be sure, but the motion of his body, slightly swaying from side